The short answer
Common Bacteria in Flood Water
Bacteria are among the most common pathogens found in flood water. E. Coli and Salmonella often enter through sewage backups or animal waste. Leptospira, another bacteria, can spread through water contaminated by animal urine and cause flu-like symptoms. Vibrio, which thrives in warm brackish water, can infect open wounds. These organisms multiply quickly in stagnant conditions, making exposure risk higher as water sits.
You cannot see these bacteria with the naked eye. Even clear-looking flood water can contain them. If you wade through flood water or touch contaminated items, wash your skin thoroughly with soap and clean water. Cover any cuts or scrapes with waterproof bandages before entering the area. If you develop fever, nausea, or skin irritation after exposure, see a doctor promptly.
- E. Coli can cause stomach cramps and diarrhea
- Salmonella may lead to fever and vomiting
- Leptospira spreads through animal urine in water
- Vibrio can enter through open wounds
- Wash skin with soap after any contact
- Cover cuts before entering flood areas
Viruses You May Encounter
Viruses can also lurk in flood water, particularly when sewage mixes with storm runoff. Norovirus, a highly contagious stomach bug, can survive for days in water. Hepatitis A, which affects the liver, can cause jaundice and fatigue. Rotavirus, another gastrointestinal virus, often affects children. These viruses spread when you swallow contaminated water or touch your mouth with unwashed hands.
Flood water can carry viruses from upstream sources, so you cannot tell if it is safe by appearance. Always assume contamination is present. After cleanup, disinfect all surfaces that touched flood water. Do not use flood water for drinking, cooking, or brushing teeth. Boiling water does not remove all chemical contaminants, so rely on bottled water for consumption until authorities say otherwise.
Parasites and Protozoa
Parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium are microscopic organisms that cause intestinal illness. They enter flood water through animal feces or sewage. Once ingested, they can cause prolonged diarrhea and dehydration. Another parasite, Naegleria fowleri, sometimes called the brain-eating amoeba, lives in warm freshwater and can enter through the nose, though it is rare. It thrives in stagnant pools.
These parasites are resistant to chlorine and some water treatments, so do not rely on simple filtration. Avoid swallowing flood water and do not let children play in it. When cleaning, use disposable gloves and wash tools with hot, soapy water afterward. If you experience severe stomach upset or neurological symptoms after exposure, seek medical care immediately.
Mold Growth After Flooding
Flood water leaves moisture that allows mold to grow on walls, floors, and furniture within 24 to 48 hours. Common indoor molds include Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys, often called black mold. Mold spores become airborne and can trigger allergies, asthma attacks, and respiratory infections. People with weakened immune systems face higher risk. You may not see mold immediately, but a musty odor often signals its presence.
To limit mold growth, remove soaked porous materials like drywall, carpet, and insulation quickly. Dry hard surfaces within two days using fans and dehumidifiers. Wear an N95 mask and gloves when handling moldy items. If you have breathing problems or persistent coughing, leave the area and consult a doctor. For extensive mold, consider hiring a mold professional who can assess the situation safely.
Protecting Yourself During Cleanup
Personal protection is your first line of defense. Wear rubber boots, waterproof gloves, and long sleeves to minimize skin contact. Use goggles to protect your eyes from splashes. Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working in flood-affected areas. After finishing, remove contaminated clothing and shower with soap. Wash work clothes separately in hot water.
Cleanup often involves removing soaked items and extracting standing water. If you have a flooded crawl space, you may need to pump out water gradually to avoid structural damage. Local water damage pros can handle large-scale extraction and drying. Always assume flood water is contaminated and act accordingly.
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Call Now (817) 799-6732Frequently asked questions
Can flood water make you sick if you just touch it?
Yes, touching flood water can expose you to bacteria and viruses through open cuts or by transferring germs to your mouth. Even intact skin can develop rashes or infections. Always wash thoroughly after contact and avoid touching your face until you have cleaned your hands.
How long do pathogens survive in flood water?
Pathogens can survive for days to weeks, depending on temperature and sunlight. Bacteria like Salmonella may persist for weeks in cool, dark water. Molds grow indefinitely on damp surfaces. Treat all flood water as infectious until the area is fully dried and disinfected.
Which items should be thrown away after flood water touches them?
Porous items like mattresses, pillows, and stuffed toys should be discarded because they cannot be fully cleaned. Non-porous items like glass and metal can be washed with soap and a bleach solution. When in doubt, throw it out to avoid health risks.