The short answer
Freezing Temperatures
When water freezes, it expands by about 9 percent. If a pipe is full of water and the temperature drops below freezing, ice forms and pushes against the walls. This pressure can crack a metal or plastic pipe, especially in unheated areas like attics, crawl spaces, and garages.
Pipes near exterior walls or in cabinets that get cold air are most at risk. On very cold nights, you can let a faucet drip to keep water moving, which reduces the chance of freezing. If you leave for a long trip, keep your heat at a low setting so pipes don't freeze. Insulating exposed pipes in unheated spaces also helps.
High Water Pressure
High water pressure can stress pipes over time, leading to weak spots and eventual bursts. Most home water systems run at 40 to 60 psi, but pressure can spike above that. If your pressure is too high, the extra force can wear down fittings and joints.
You can check your pressure with a gauge that screws onto an outdoor spigot. If it reads above 80 psi, a plumber can install a pressure regulator. Lowering the pressure protects your pipes and also reduces wear on appliances like washing machines and dishwashers.
- Check pressure with a simple gauge
- A regulator can keep pressure steady
- High pressure often causes pinhole leaks
- Fittings and joints are first to fail
- Slow drips at faucets signal excess pressure
Corrosion and Age
Older pipes, especially galvanized steel or copper, can corrode from the inside over time. Rust and mineral buildup narrow the pipe, which raises pressure and makes the metal brittle. A corroded pipe may suddenly split, sending water into walls and floors.
If your pipes are more than 30 years old, have a water damage inspection to check their condition. Look for discolored water, low flow, or frequent leaks as signs of corrosion. Replacing just the worst sections can prevent a major burst later.
Physical Damage and Shifting Soil
Pipes can burst from outside forces too. A nail driven into a wall can puncture a pipe, or a heavy object can crush it. In areas with clay soil, ground movement from wet and dry cycles can shift pipes and strain joints, causing cracks.
Tree roots can also invade underground pipes and block them, leading to pressure buildup. If you have a slab foundation, plumbing under it can shift as the ground moves. Regular leak detection services can find hidden damage before it turns into a flood.
- Nails or screws from hanging items
- Heavy furniture or equipment placed on pipes
- Roots infiltrating sewer or water lines
- Soil expansion and contraction
- Frozen ground heaving and shifting
Prevention and Early Action
You can reduce the risk of burst pipes by insulating exposed pipes, keeping your home heated, and knowing where your main shutoff valve is. Write down the shutoff location and keep it handy. A quick turn of that valve can stop a small leak from becoming a major flood.
If a pipe does burst, shut off the water and electricity at the main breaker if safe. Then call local water damage pros to handle the cleanup and drying. They can also perform moisture mapping to find hidden water and prevent mold growth.
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Call Now (817) 799-6732Frequently asked questions
How do I know if a pipe is about to burst?
Look for warning signs like low water pressure, unusual noises, or damp spots on walls and ceilings. A musty smell or a sudden increase in your water bill can also indicate a leak. If you notice any of these, act quickly to find and fix the issue.
Can I prevent pipes from freezing?
Yes, keep your home heated to at least 55 degrees Fahrenheit, open cabinet doors to let warm air reach pipes, and let faucets drip during extreme cold. Insulate pipes in unheated areas. If you plan to be away, set your thermostat low but not off.
What should I do immediately after a pipe bursts?
Shut off the main water valve to stop the flow, then turn off electricity if the water is near outlets or appliances. Move valuables away from the water and call local water damage pros to extract water and dry the area quickly to prevent mold.